Machine for forging metals



PATBNTED SEPT. 1, 1857.

E. WHEELER. MACHINE FOR FORGING METALS? 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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ELBRIDGE HEELER, OF FELTONVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FOR FORGING- METALS.

' Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,115, dated September 1, 1857.

To all whom it may concern Be'it known thatI, ELBRIDGE WHEELER, of F eltonville, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Forging .Metals, which improvements are applicableto the machines for Which I obtained Letters Patent of the United States, dated January 27, 1857; and I herebydeclare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of my present improvements, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in W h- ,Figure 1 is a plan of a forging machine with my improvementsattached. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on the line wm of Fig. 2. Figs. 4, 5 details to be referred tohereafter.

- In the machine described in the above mentioned Letters Patent, the forging of the metal is accomplished by the rollers A and B, oft-hese drawings which are revolved with an equalsurface motion in the direction of; the arrows by suitable gearing, the boxes or bearings of the lower shaft B sliding up and down in suitable ways or grooves in the: ,frame ofthe machine; allowing the roll to approach and recede from the roll A? while in'operat-ion. This movement of the roll B was effected by cams C on a shaft D, having fixed bearings in the frame (one of these cams being placed near each end of the shaft .D,) a hand lever attached to the shaft.

D toward the front side of the machine, placed the operation of the rolls entirely under the control of the operator, who stood at the .front of the machine and passed the heated iron in between the rolls and by applying the proper amount of pressure by means of the hand lever, the metal was forged and rolled out toward him, when he again separated the rolls and repeated the operation. Thus by means of certain grooves in the rolls and certain stationary guards hung between the rolls and fitting intogrooves in the rolls he was enabled to forge any desired form. The machinewas particularly suitable for forging the planks for horse shoes to be afterward bent into form. "Now where such a form is to be given to the bar of iron being rolled, that it requires the lower roll-to be raised'and lowered a certain amount at stated intervals, I adopt the hereinafter described arrangement of cams and levers or their equivalents, the same being thrown into and out of gear by the operator, by which means the machine is made automatic.

This improvement constitutes the first part of mypresent invention. The second part consists in placing one or more friction rolls in the stationary guards which hang between the two rolls A, and B, for the purpose of relieving the friction of the bar or piece of metal being rolled as will be hereafter described.

In the said drawings, E is the frame of the machine; carried in suitable stationary bearings on top of which is the roll A, on the shaft of which outside of one of its bearings is the cog wheel F, immediately below the roll A, is another similar roll B, which runs in boxes that slide up and down freely in the frame of the machine to the shaft of this roll outside of one of its bearings is attached the cog wheel G. These rolls have corresponding grooves a which receive stationary guards H, attached to a cross beam 1, secured to the top of the frame, each guard resting in its groove in the upper roll, and being received in the corresponding groove in thevlower roll as the latter is raised; the rolls between the grooves are turned to suit the bevel or other form to be given to the article the guards serving to keep straight one edge while the other is being beveled, or to confine both edges while the middle of the bar or piece is rolled into some specific form. The roll B, is caused to approach and recede from the roll A, by means of two cams C, on the .shaft D, which runs in fixed bearings in the frame E. The turning of the shaft D raises or lowers the roll B, its bearings sliding in the frame E. To the end of the shaft D, which extends beyond the frame is attached a hand wheel K.

Carried in suitable bearings on the frame E, back of the roll B, is the shaft L, to which motion is communicated through the wheel M, attached to it, from any suitable driving powera gear N, on this shaft L, gives motion through the gear G to the roll B, and another gear 0, at the other end of the shaft L, through an intermediate gear P, and the is an arm Q, having'a slot Z) in which is secured by a nut c, a short shaft (Z, which carries an intermediate gear R, which engages with a larger wheel S, on the end of a shaft T, having its bearings in the frame E. The shaft cl, of the gear R, is made adjustable in the slot Z2, that the wheel S, may be replaced with one of a different size as the speed of the shaft T, may be required to be changed. The shaft T, carries two cams V, (detached in Fig. 4) and V, (detached in Fig. 5) these cams are of the proper contour and size to cause the roll B to be raised at the proper time and to be held up sufliciently long to give the required undulations to the bar being rolled; which is effected in a manner which will be presently explained. These cams on the shaft T, may be replaced by others of a different size and shape or the speed of the shaft may be varied as before stated, either or both of which will give a different form to the article rolled. Hung in bearings in the frame E, is another shaft V, which carries and serves as a fulcrum for two levers X, and Y, the shorter arms of which bear one against each of the cams U, and V, the lever X, being vibrated by the cam U, and the lever Y, by the cam V, as these levers and their connections with the shaft D, are similar, I will describe one of them X, (see Fig. 3). The longer arm of this lever has near its outer end a slot 6, through which passes a bolt f, secured by a nut, which bolt also passes through the lower end of a pitman Z. The pit-man vibrates on the bolt f, which is secured in place by its nut after being adjusted in the slot 6, this adjustment of the bolt f, in the slot 0, varies the height to which the pitman Z is raised at each vibration of the lever X. Pivoted to the head of the pitman Z, at g, is a short arm A, the other end of which embraces the shaft D, the shaft turning freely in it. Secured to the shaft D, alongside of the arm A, and bet-ween it and the side of the frame is a collar B and on the other side of the arm A is a clutch C embracing the shaft D. This clutch is moved longitudinally on the shaft by a hand lever D pivote d at h, on a bar E extending from one side of the frame E, to the other and secured theretothe inner end of this hand lever rests in a groove 2', in the clutch. A square pin attached to the face of the clutch C, passes through the arm A where it embraces the shaft D, and enters a hole in the collar B. By this means as the lever D is moved horizontally in one direction, the arm A, is clutched with the shaft D, and as the short arm of the lever X, is depressed by the cam U, the pitman Z, will be raised and the shaft D, be revolved a portion of a turn the cams C, on it raising the roll Bas the lever D, is moved in the opposite direction the arm A is unclutched from the shaft and the pitman may rise and fall without operating the cams C. Another hand lever F serves to connect by a similar clutch and collar the shaft D, to .the arm and pitman connected with the lever Y, and thus cause the rise and fall of the shaft B, to be governed by the cam V.

By the above arrangement, almost any desired form may be given to a bar of iron to accord with a given pattern.

The machine represented in the drawings is arranged with two cams on the shaft T, and a double set of levers and clutches, so that a bar may be rolled through and receive one form or set of undulations, and then without changing the parts of the machine but only throwing out one clutch and connecting ,the other, the bar may be run through on its other side forming a second set of impressions of undulations at right angles to the first, the cams here represented are suitable for forming a bar of iron to a required pattern, having certain undulations in its surfaces at regular intervals, leaving the bar thicker in some parts than in others, and wider in some places than in others. Thesebars when thus rolled are in tended to be cut into blanks to be bent into horse shoes.

The roll B, is only operated by the cams on the shaft T, when it is intended to roll long bars into a given form as above described; or it may be used as described in the above mentioned Letters Patent for forging shorter pieces; the operator standing in front of the machine, unclutches the parts operated by the cams U, and V, and regulates the vertical movement of the roll B by means of the hand wheel K, attached to the shaft D. These combinations enable me to obtain an almost unlimited variety of forms. First by changing the cams on the shaft T, second by changing the speed of this shaft, by replacing the wheel S, with one of a different size, third by changing the position of the bolt f, in the slot 6 of the lever X; which varies the throw of the pitman Z.

The second part of my present invention consists in certain improvements in the stationary guards which hang between the rolls A, and B. These guards, one of which is seen at H, Fig. 3, are hung to a rigid bar I, extending across and secured to the frame of the machine, they hang between the rolls A and B and are received in the grooves a, in the rolls, their object is to keep the edge of the piece of metal being forged or rolled, straight and smooth as is more fully set forth in the said Letters Patent) now as the metal presses against the face of the guard against which it may happen to be, while it is drawn through between the rolls, there will be a considerable amount of friction between the metal and the guard; to obviate this I have inserted in the guard a friction roll m, (Fig. 3) which is carried on a whereby I am enabled to roll a piece or bar shaft or rod passing vertically through the of metal to a given pattern in the manner 10 guard in a plane parallel to its face. d substantially as herein set forth.

hat I claim as my invention and esire to secure by Letters Patent is ELBRIDGE R Operating the roll B at stated intervals by Vitnesses:

means of the above described arrangement J. E. MAGRUDER,

of cams and levers or their equivalent; THOs. R. ROAOH. 

